Brazil’s
Parental Alienaton law is in the vanguard. Law No. 12318, FROM 26 AUGUST
2010 is directed against the scourge of parental alienation (). The law is
in a very convoluted langluage so machine translation is horrific and totally
incomprehensive. Human-Stupidity provides the English translation.
Acts of parental alienation, according to the
Brazilian Parental Alienation law
1. I – organizing a campaign to discredit the the
parent’s conduct as a father or mother
2. II – to make it difficult [for the other parent]
to exercise parental authority;
3. III – to make it difficult for the child or
adolescent to have contact with the parent;
4. IV – to make it difficult to exercise decreed
right to visitation
5. V – deliberately hide from the other parent
relevant personal information about the child or adolescent, like school
and medical information, and changes of address;
6. VI – to make false legal complaints against the
parent, the parent’s family, or against grandparents in order to prevent or
complicate their interaction with the child or adolescent;
7. VII – changing, without justification, the
residence to a distant location, in order to hamper interaction and visitation
of the child or adolescent with the other parent, the parent’s family or
grandparents.
Article 3
Practicing acts of parental alienation violates basic fundamental rights of
the child or adolescent to have healthy family interaction and family life,
prevents affect and emotion from happening in relationships with the parent
and the family group. It is moral abuse against the child or adolescent and
breach of the duties that are inherent to parental authority or that stem
from guardianship or custody.
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Related
articles to Brazilian Parental Alienation Law
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Law No. 12318, FROM 26 AUGUST
2010.
Click on "more" for the translation of
the complete text of Brazil’s Parental Alienation Law 12 318
Veto message: [letter by the minister of justice
explaining why some articles were vetoed]
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Legislates about parental alienation and changes
Art. 236 of Law n o 8.069, from 13 of July 1990.
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Dispõe sobre a alienação parental e altera o art.
236 da Lei no 8.069, de 13 de julho de 1990.
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THE PRESIDENT
OF THE REPUBLIC
informs that the Congress decrees and the president sanctions the following
Law:
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O PRESIDENTE DA REPÚBLICA Faço saber que o Congresso Nacional decreta e eu
sanciono a seguinte Lei:
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Article 1 This
Law is about parental alienation.
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Art. 1o
Esta Lei dispõe sobre a alienação parental.
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Article 2 The
following actions are considered acts of parental alienation: interference in
the formation of the psyche of the child or adolescent promoted or induced by
a parent, grandparent or by someone who has custody or supervision of the the
child or adolescent, if such interference causes the child or adolescent] to
repudiate a parent or to adversely affect the establishment or maintenance of
ties with that parent.
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Art. 2o
Considera-se ato de alienação parental a interferência na formação
psicológica da criança ou do adolescente promovida ou induzida por um dos
genitores, pelos avós ou pelos que tenham a criança ou adolescente sob a sua
autoridade, guarda ou vigilância para que repudie genitor ou que cause
prejuízo ao estabelecimento ou à manutenção de vínculos com este.
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Sole Paragraph. In addition to acts declared
[to be parental alienation] by a judge or by an expert witness, the following
are exemples of parental alienation, when practiced directly or with
assistance from others:
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Parágrafo
único. São formas exemplificativas de alienação parental, além dos atos
assim declarados pelo juiz ou constatados por perícia, praticados diretamente
ou com auxílio de terceiros:
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•
I
– organizing a campaign to discredit the the parent’s conduct as a father or
mother
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I – realizar
campanha de desqualificação da conduta do genitor no exercício da paternidade
ou maternidade;
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•
II
– to make it difficult [for the other parent] to exercise parental authority;
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II –
dificultar o exercício da autoridade parental;
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•
III
– to make it difficult for the child or adolescent to have
contact with the parent;
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III –
dificultar contato de criança ou adolescente com genitor;
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•
IV
– to make it difficult to exercise decreed right to visitation
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IV –
dificultar o exercício do direito regulamentado de convivência familiar;
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•
V
– deliberately hide from the other parent relevant personal information about
the child or adolescent, like school and medical information, and
changes of address;
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V – omitir deliberadamente a genitor informações
pessoais relevantes sobre a criança ou adolescente, inclusive escolares,
médicas e alterações de endereço;
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•
VI
– to make false legal complaints against the parent, the parent’s family, or
against grandparents in order to prevent or complicate their interaction with
the child or adolescent;
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VI – apresentar falsa denúncia contra genitor,
contra familiares deste ou contra avós, para obstar ou dificultar a
convivência deles com a criança ou adolescente;
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•
VII
– changing, without justification, the residence to a distant location, in
order to hamper interaction and visitation of the child or adolescent with
the other parent, the parent’s family or grandparents.
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VII – mudar o domicílio para local distante, sem
justificativa, visando a dificultar a convivência da criança ou adolescente
com o outro genitor, com familiares deste ou com avós.
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Article 3 Practicing acts of parental alienation
violates basic fundamental rights of the child or adolescent to have healthy
family interaction and family life, prevents affect and emotion from
happening in relationships with the parent and the family group. It is moral
abuse against the child or adolescent and breach of the duties that are
inherent to parental authority or that stem from guardianship or custody.
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Art. 3o A prática de ato de
alienação parental fere direito fundamental da criança ou do adolescente de
convivência familiar saudável, prejudica a realização de afeto nas relações
com genitor e com o grupo familiar, constitui abuso moral contra a criança ou
o adolescente e descumprimento dos deveres inerentes à autoridade parental ou
decorrentes de tutela ou guarda.
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Article 4 When, upon request or by a judges own
initiative, it is declared that there are indications of parental alienation,
the the trial will proceed speedily with special priority . The judge
will, after hearing the prosecutor, determine, with urgency, the provisional
measures necessary to maintain the psychological integrity of the child or
adolescent, especially to insure the togetherness with the parent, or,
if necessary, measures to enable the effective rapprochement between them
[child and alienated parent].
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Art. 4o Declarado indício de ato de
alienação parental, a requerimento ou de ofício, em qualquer momento
processual, em ação autônoma ou incidentalmente, o processo terá tramitação
prioritária, e o juiz determinará, com urgência, ouvido o Ministério Público,
as medidas provisórias necessárias para preservação da integridade
psicológica da criança ou do adolescente, inclusive para assegurar sua
convivência com genitor ou viabilizar a efetiva reaproximação entre ambos, se
for o caso.
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Sole Paragraph. It will be ensured that the child or
adolescent and parent can have a minimum of assisted visitation, except in
cases where there is imminent risk of injury to the physical or psychological
integrity of the child or adolescent, certified by a professional expert
designated by the judge for monitoring visits .
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Parágrafo único. Assegurar-se-á à criança ou
adolescente e ao genitor garantia mínima de visitação assistida, ressalvados
os casos em que há iminente risco de prejuízo à integridade física ou
psicológica da criança ou do adolescente, atestado por profissional
eventualmente designado pelo juiz para acompanhamento das visitas.
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Article 5 If there are indications that acts of
parental alienation are occurring, the judge will, in the same case or a new
court case, nominate a biopsychosocial or psychological expert witness,
if necessary.
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Art. 5o Havendo indício da prática
de ato de alienação parental, em ação autônoma ou incidental, o juiz, se
necessário, determinará perícia psicológica ou biopsicossocial.
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•
§
1 The expert’s report will be based on extensive psychological or
biopsychosocial evaluation , as appropriate in the specific case. It should
inclued a personal interview with the parties, examination of documents in
the court files, the couple’s history of relationship and separation,
chronology of incidents, assessment of personality of those involved and a
survey of what the child or adolescent says about possible accusations
against the parent.
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§ 1o O laudo pericial terá base em
ampla avaliação psicológica ou biopsicossocial, conforme o caso,
compreendendo, inclusive, entrevista pessoal com as partes, exame de
documentos dos autos, histórico do relacionamento do casal e da separação,
cronologia de incidentes, avaliação da personalidade dos envolvidos e exame
da forma como a criança ou adolescente se manifesta acerca de eventual
acusação contra genitor.
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•
§
2 The expert witness written testimony will be performed by a professional,
or by a multidisciplinary team. In any case is is required that they have a
proven track reckord of professional or academic qualifications to diagnose
acts of parental alienation.
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§ 2o A perícia será realizada por
profissional ou equipe multidisciplinar habilitados, exigido, em qualquer
caso, aptidão comprovada por histórico profissional ou acadêmico para
diagnosticar atos de alienação parental.
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•
§
3 The expert or the multidisciplinary team appointed to assess the occurrence
of parental alienation will 90 (ninety) days to submit the report. That
deadline can only be extended by judicial authorization when the need for
extension has been justified.
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§ 3o O perito ou equipe
multidisciplinar designada para verificar a ocorrência de alienação parental
terá prazo de 90 (noventa) dias para apresentação do laudo, prorrogável
exclusivamente por autorização judicial baseada em justificativa
circunstanciada.
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Article 6 After it has been determined that typical
acts of parental alienation or any other conduct hamper the coexistence
[living together, contact] of child or adolescent with the parent, the judge
may (in the same court case or in a new independent action) do one or more of
the following, according to the severity of the case:(independent of
potential civil or criminal liability and the usage of processual means that
can inhibit or mitigate its effects)
•
I
– declare the occurrence of parental alienation and warn the alienating
party;
•
II
– expand the visitation[meetings, family life] life in favor of the alienated
parent;
•
III
– fine the alienating party;
•
IIV
– require psycologicaal and / or biopsychosocial supervision or counseling
•
V
– determine the change of custody to joint custody or reversal of custody;
•
VI
– to preventively determine the residence of the child or adolescent to remain
fixed;
•
VII
– to declare the suspension of parental authority.
Sole Paragraph. In case of abusive change of
address, obstruction or impracticability of visitations, the court may also
reverse the obligation to deliver and pick up the child or adolescent’s
at the [alienated] parent’s residence, for visitations and stays.
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Art. 6o Caracterizados atos típicos
de alienação parental ou qualquer conduta que dificulte a convivência de
criança ou adolescente com genitor, em ação autônoma ou incidental, o juiz
poderá, cumulativamente ou não, sem prejuízo da decorrente responsabilidade
civil ou criminal e da ampla utilização de instrumentos processuais aptos a
inibir ou atenuar seus efeitos, segundo a gravidade do caso:
I – declarar a ocorrência de alienação parental e
advertir o alienador;
II – ampliar o regime de convivência familiar em
favor do genitor alienado;
III – estipular multa ao alienador;
IV – determinar acompanhamento psicológico e/ou
biopsicossocial;
V – determinar a alteração da guarda para guarda
compartilhada ou sua inversão;
VI – determinar a fixação cautelar do domicílio da
criança ou adolescente;
VII – declarar a suspensão da autoridade parental.
Parágrafo único. Caracterizado mudança abusiva
de endereço, inviabilização ou obstrução à convivência familiar, o juiz
também poderá inverter a obrigação de levar para ou retirar a criança ou
adolescente da residência do genitor, por ocasião das alternâncias dos
períodos de convivência familiar.
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Article 7 For allocation or change of guardianship,
preference will be given to the parent that allows the effective family
interactions/contacts of the child or adolescent with the other parent, in
cases where joint custody is impracticable.
[in other words, give custody to the parent that
does not create obstacles to visitatoins and contact with the other parent]
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Art. 7o A atribuição ou alteração
da guarda dar-se-á por preferência ao genitor que viabiliza a efetiva
convivência da criança ou adolescente com o outro genitor nas hipóteses em
que seja inviável a guarda compartilhada
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Article 8 The change of residence of the child or
adolescent does not change the jurisdiction for actions based on right to
family life, except if it is due to consensus among the parents or a to a
court decision.
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Art. 8o A alteração de domicílio da
criança ou adolescente é irrelevante para a determinação da competência
relacionada às ações fundadas em direito de convivência familiar, salvo se
decorrente de consenso entre os genitores ou de decisão judicial.
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Article 9 (vetoed)
Article 10. (VETOED)
11 This Law shall enter into force upon its
publication.
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Art. 9o (VETADO)
Art. 10. (VETADO)
Art. 11. Esta Lei entra em vigor na data de
sua publicação.
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Brasilia, August 26, 2010, 189th year of
Independence and 122th year of the Republic.
Luiz Inacio Lula DaSilva
Luiz Paulo Teles Ferreira
Barreto
Paulo de Tarso Vannuchi
José Gomes Temporão
This text does not replace the one published in the
"Diário oficial da União" on 27.August.2010 and rectified in the DOU of 08/31/2010
[Note: minor irrelevant corrections]
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Brasília, 26 de agosto de 2010;
189o da Independência e 122o da República.
LUIZ INÁCIO LULA DASILVA
Luiz Paulo Teles Ferreira
Barreto
Paulo de Tarso Vannuchi
José Gomes Temporão
Este texto não substitui o publicado no DOU de
27.8.2010 e retificado no DOU de 31.8.2010
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